Tag Archive for: Chinese Exclusion Laws

On April 30, 2025, the 1882 Foundation partnered with Politics and Prose to host Michael Luo and Jia Lynn Yang to discuss his newest book, Strangers in the Land: Exclusion, Belonging, and the Epic Story of the Chinese in America. This event was held at Politics and Prose’s flagship location on Connecticut Avenue in Washington D.C. with Jia Lynn Yang as moderator. 

In this Talk Story, Michael began with his inspiration for the book. In 2016, he was in New York with his family and was told to “go back to China.” Michael said while he had faced comments like this before, he had never felt the need to reply. However, in this instance, he felt so angry that he followed her down the street to tell her off, but only wound up saying, “I was born in this country!” Perhaps it was the political climate of 2016 when the debate of who was allowed to be American was resurfacing yet again, perhaps it was the fact that his daughters had witnessed the whole encounter, perhaps Michael had just had enough. Either way, the event had made enough of an impact for Michael to write a viral piece in the New York Times in 2016 and launched him into a journey of researching exclusion in America; he was on a mission to prove to everyone, and especially his two daughters, that they did belong in the United States. 

As for his process, Michael said that he poured over archives and documents at various libraries or universities, and wrote all without ever taking leave from his position as an Executive Editor at the New Yorker. Digitization came in handy multiple times as he was able to research for his book from the comfort of his home instead of traveling. This became especially useful during the pandemic. 

The history of the Chinese in America is not an inherently new story. It has been written about in the past, perhaps most memorably by Iris Chang and her book, The Chinese in America: A Narrative History. However, Michael says his book is unique because it tells this mostly from the perspective of exclusion and what that means for the future. Even though the 1882 Exclusion Act may be disbanded, the principles of exclusion can always come back to haunt those who can be othered. 

Moderator Jia Lynn noted that the strength of this book lies in the powerful stories told about individuals who previously had no voice. She noted one particularly moving story of the 1871 lynching in L.A. Later, in the Q&A this was further clarified as a significant difference between Chang’s Book, and Betty Lee Sung’s Mountain of Gold: The Story of the Chinese in America, along with her other publications. 

This event was very successful, with nearly every seat being filled at the Politics and Prose location, and with those who remained standing. A final count of attendees was not able to be conducted, but there was an estimate of around 50 people. 

 

The 1882 Foundation held its annual end-of-year dinner celebration on December 17, 2024. New friends and old ones all gathered at Chinatown Garden not only to remember and discuss the events from the year, but also to commemorate the repeal of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. December 17th is so significant to the Chinese American community for obvious reasons; the 1882 Exclusion Act was the first piece of legislation to explicitly bar a nation from immigration to the United States and its repeal was a major step forward in achieving equality for the Chinese and Asian immigrants more largely. However, December 17th is also a significant day in general American history. America was founded on ideas of freedom, equality, and independence, but oftentimes we find that is not the reality America lives in. Repealing the Exclusion Act is another step in solidifying those ideas into the fabric of our reality. 

While enjoying the usual 1882-style dinner of “railroad food,” director Ted Gong gave a speech about the various accomplishments the Foundation had achieved throughout the year; such as hosting the Rural Chinatowns and Hidden Valleys Conference in Salt Lake City, Utah, a Genealogy Workshop with My China Roots, and receiving the Mellon Foundation Grant. Some especially good news was announced by Lisa Davidson from the National Historic Landmarks   Program of the US National Parks Service. The Summit Tunnel in the Sierra Nevada Mountains was officially designated as a National Historic Landmark. The 1882 Foundation has been working closely with the National Forest Service and the National Historic Landmark Program over the past few years for this site to gain the recognition it so rightly deserves. 

The 2024 Recap Dinner was one of the largest attended dinners in 1882’s history, with a total of 63 attendees. We would like to thank everyone who has supported us over the past year, and look forward to 2025!

Speakers: Connie Young Yu

Description: Connie ties her family’s immigration story to the events, laws enacted, and acts of community that occurred along the pacific coast. With a mixture of luck and drive, Connie’s grandfather was able to do the nearly impossible and became a merchant, enabling him to bring his wife to the U.S. back from China after a 14 year separation. Because of her grandfather’s story, we get to listen about the first hand experience of Chinese workers during the Chinese Exclusion Act and its extensions.

Date: June 19, 2024

On December 4, 2024, 1882 hosted its Intern Talk Story project, a required assignment for every intern cohort. Interns present the work they have done during their internship, showcasing their individual contributions.

For Fall 2024, 1882 had four interns present their work. Anika Tsai, a student at Georgetown University, presented first. Anika completed a dual internship with 1882 and the U.S. Forest Service. Her project involved conducting interviews with Asian Americans to explore their perceptions of the label “Asian American” and its meaning to them. Focusing on conservation, Anika aimed to understand which places Gen Z Asian Americans believe should be preserved and how.

Next, Izzy Liu, Estella Ye, and Jenny Gong, three interns from the UCDC program, presented their work together. They interviewed Miao Yu, the new owner of JF Books in Dupont Circle, DC. Their presentation began with a brief history of Chinese exclusion laws in America, followed by an exploration of the types of businesses that originally founded DC’s Chinatown. They concluded with a six-minute interview with Miao, filmed and edited by Estella.

The event was attended by a total of 25 people, both online and in person. We would like to thank everyone who attended, and express our gratitude to the interns for their hard work over the past few months!

 

Summary
Mamie Tape Fights to go to School, written by Traci Huahn and illustrated by Michelle Jing Chan, takes readers through the journey of how access to education became a right to children in the United States, including Chinese children. Based on a true story, Mamie Tape was on her way to her first day at Spring Valley Primary School in San Francisco. An all-white school in their neighborhood. When they arrived on the steps of the school, the principal flat out denied them, claiming that their “kind” was not welcome. A strange concept for Mamie, as she played with the children in her neighborhood just like anyone else, but wasn’t allowed to learn with them? Though the neighborhood did have a school for Chinese students at some point, it was in the basement of a church and shut down by the time Mamie was old enough to attend. It was an effort to prevent the Chinese community from receiving an education, and therefore making roots in the United States. Mamie’s community fought with and for her though. With neighbors to tutor and play with her, Mamie barely skipped a beat while her lawyers fought for her right to do those things in a classroom with her peers.. After back and forths with courts, the California
Supreme Court finally decided that all children, including those of Chinese descent, have the right to attend school. But even with the Court’s decision and a mandatory vaccination from a non-Chinese doctor, the principal still denied Mamie admission. The school board opened a
school for Chinese children (again) across town and above a grocery store; a stark contrast to Spring Valley Primary School. Though this was not the ideal Mamie and her family had in mind, it was a win for the community and would later set precedents for other cases fighting to end segregated schools. On April 13, 1885, The Chinese Primary School opened and Mamie and her little brother Frank became the
first to attend. This school would later be renamed to the Oriental School in 1906 to encompass
the education of Korean and Japanese children until the abolishment of racially segregated schools in California in 1947.

Significance
The decision to educate Mamie to any degree was a shock to both American and Chinese cultures. On the one hand, the school physically and legally restricted access to education. On the other, Chinese culture (especially at the time) did not generally believe that women should be
educated. The decision made in Tape v. Hurley (1885) was one of the earliest steps in the Civil Rights Movement and directly challenging the public education system. Just a few years prior, in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion act was signed into law under the Arthur administration. This policy prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers, restricted status to only those who were able to get certified by the Chinese government, and permanently prevented Chinese immigrants from becoming citizens. Tape v. Hurley would later be used in decisions for cases like Brown v. Board of Education (1954), another landmark case in working towards a desegregated society.

By Izzy Liu, Fall 2024 Intern

The latest presentation of “Through Chinatown’s Eyes, April 1968” occurred at the National Council for the Social Studies Annual Conference held in Washington, DC on Dec. 2, 2016. Ting-Yi Oei showed the film to 30 teachers and other educators and provided them with a copy of the film and a lesson plan. The lesson plan covers not just the events documented in the film but provides valuable context for the history of the times. Civil rights are at the heart of the events surrounding Martin Luther King’s assassination, but the riots that followed should also be seen in the entirety of what was going on in the country at the time: the Vietnam War, a divisive presidential campaign, and a pervasive sense of social injustice. The film also raises questions about the search for identity as is evident by the accounts given by the residents of Chinatown who lived through the riots. The lesson plan addresses these issues and more so that teachers can incorporate the film into a number of places in the curriculum and meet national standards in courses ranging from civics and government, to history, and to sociology. Several teachers commented on the first-person stories that people told of the experiences, and many were unaware that the riot took place in an area where another minority group lived. Another teacher who is from DC noted that the film is also valuable in showing how neighborhoods are transformed over time and that it can be very effectively used in a contemporary fashion comparing what the area looks like today to what it was in 1968 and in between.

Through Chinatown Eyes April 1968 Image

The lesson plan is available here.

 

 

 

Tag Archive for: Chinese Exclusion Laws

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